Cause Effect

Cause and Effect

The topic is about “recognizing cause and effect”, we have to read two readings to find the cause and the effect. The cause´s definition is: the reason it happened and the effect´s definition is: something that happened.

For example (part 1):  

Cause	Effect
The teacher gives homework to your class	The student began an internet search
The student did a search on the word  bacteria	He looked thousand of web sites

ECOTOURISM

It is inevitable that the introduction of tourists to areas seldom visited by outsiders will place demands upon the environment associated with new actors, activities, and facilities. Ecotourism will forge new relationships between people and environment, and between peoples with different lifestyles. It will create forces for both change and stability. These forces act at a diversity of scales from global to local. Permanent residents living in or adjacent to potential ecotourism destinations may desire to improve life opportunities for themselves and their children and may see ecotourism as generating jobs, stimulating incomes, diversifying economies, and enhancing standards of living.

Thus, compromise and trade-offs must be sought among the legitimate aspirations of different people.

Cause	Effect
Specific Tourism	The difficulty of establishing a base level against which to measure change; • The difficulty of disentangling human-induced change from natural change; • Spatial and temporal continuities between cause and effect; • The complexity of environmental interactions—primary impacts induce secondary impacts and tertiary impacts and so on. • The diversity of activities involved; • The diversity of environments in which tourism occurs; • The mobility of tourists so that impacts occur en route as well as on-site; • Cumulative impacts.
Communication failures	If one person is thinking of impacts of downhill skiing, while a second is concerned about sunbathing on a beach, and a third is contemplating visiting a natural area, is it any wonder that they come up with differing evaluations of impacts and talk past each other?
Contradictory findings	Some authors lament the destruction of natural areas through tourism whereas others promote the potential of ecotourism to protect such areas. Who is correct? Of course, both perspectives may be correct but in different circumstances and to varying degrees.
Limited policy relevance	The general failure to specify adequately the contexts in which impacts occur means that the impacts literature provides limited guidance to decision- makers. In general, it fails to indicate how many people, of what type, doing which activities, in communities with specified characteristics, in specific forms of host-guest interaction result in particular consequences.
Culture brokers	Resident-visitor interactions may be mediated by culture brokers with implications for social, environmental, and economic impacts.
Saliency	The saliency of impacts refers to the importance of impacts, usually according to the views of residents of destination areas and usually ascertained through public opinion surveys. The interpretation of survey results is often facile.

Cause	Effect
- The existing impacts literature has a number of deficiencies.	1. Verify the tourist typologies which exist, most of which have not been based upon detailed empirical investigations (Murphy 1985); 2. Develop classifications of destination area communities; 3. Examine the nature of resident-visitor interactions including the extent to which they are mediated by culture brokers.
- Cost-benefit analysis is essentially an accounting procedure in which the costs and benefits of an initiative are compared for a specified time period and weighted partially through the application of selected discount rates.	If the benefits exceed the costs, then the initiative may be worth undertaking.
- Economy, environment and culture are all involved.	One is not more important than the other they are all vital to the successful introduction, operation and perpetuation of ecotourism.
- The range of indicators which are selected should encompass economic, environmental and socio-cultural domains.	As well, may be necessary to extend the indicators beyond their narrow interests to encompass the interests of the neighboring communities and, possibly, other interests.
-  This paper has argued that to endorse ecotourism is to advocate change.	However, the changes which are desired are controversial, vary between actors, and necessitate the search for trade-offs and compromises.